§Chemical:
§-Burning
§-Electrolisis
§-Neutralization
§- Corrison
§-Reduction
§-Ionization
§-Fermentation
§What is chemical: In its
most basic form, a chemical is an element, in that it has a specific molecular
composition and may be produced by or used during a natural chemical process.
§ An element is a chemical
substance made of specific kinds of atoms that cannot be broken down any
further; in short, elements are the purest forms of chemicals known to man.
§When multiple chemicals combine,
a chemical compound is formed, which exists in order to combine different types
of elements, and therefore, different reactions.
§What is chemical burning: Most chemical burns occur on the face,
eyes, hands, arms, and legs. Usually a chemical burn will be relatively small
and will require only outpatient treatment. Chemical burns can be deceiving,
however. Some agents can cause deep tissue damage that is not readily apparent
when people first look at it.
§Tissue damage from chemical burns depends on several factors.
§Chemical Electrolisis: how electrolysis can
cause a chemical reaction to occur, suppose we pass a direct electrical current through
1 M HCl. The H3O+ ions in this solution
will be attracted to the cathode, and the Cl– ions will migrate
toward the anode. At the cathode, H3O+ will be reduced to H2 gas according to the
half-equation.
§2H+ + 2e– → H2 (1a)
§Chemical neutralization:
chemical reaction, according to the Arrhenius theory of acids and bases,
in which a water solution of acid is mixed with a water solution of base to
form a salt and water; this reaction is complete only if the resulting solution
has neither acidic nor basic properties. Such a solution is called a neutral
solution. Complete neutralization can take place when a strong acid, such as
hydrochloric acid, HCl, is mixed with a strong
base, such as sodium hydroxide, NaOH. Strong acids and strong
bases completely break up, or dissociate, into their constituent ions when they
dissolve in water.
§Chemical Ionization: (EI) was introduced by Field and Munson
(1966). Their work stemmed from earlier
observations that some molecules introduced into an EI source at high pressure
would generate ions of the type [M+H]+ rather than the conventional M+
molecular ion. This process, which
became known as "self - CI" generated stable molecular species, so
Field and Munson sought to deliberately generate this type of species from a
wide range of molecular classes.
§§Chemical Fermentation: originally, the foaming that occurs during
the manufacture of wine and beer, a process at least 10,000 years old. That the
frothing results from the evolution of carbon dioxide gas was not recognized
until the 17th century. Louis Pasteur in the 19th century used the term
fermentation in a narrow sense to describe the changes brought about by yeasts
and other microorganisms growing in the absence of air (anaerobically); he also
recognized that ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide are not the only products of
fermentation.
By: Matías lopera
